In the matter titled as "M.C. Mehta versus Union of India & Others, Writ Petition (Civil) No. 13029 of 1985" vide judgment dated 24.10.2018, the Hon’ble Constitution Bench of 3 Judges of the Supreme Court of India held that "the right to live in an environment free from smoke and pollution follows from the quality of life which is an inherent part of Article 21 of the Constitution." 

The right to live with human dignity becomes delusional in the absence of a healthy environment.  The right to life not only means leading a life with dignity but it also includes the right to lead a healthy life in a clean atmosphere free from pollution. Such rights are not absolute and coexist with sustainable development. Whenever there is a conflict between health and wealth, health should be given precedence. In view of the same, the Hon’ble Court held that no motor vehicle conforming to the emission standard Bharat Stage IV shall be sold or registered in the country with effect from 01.04.2020.